I can't remember which post the question Lola asked was originally in, so I'm starting this thread.
Lola asked if I wasn't afraid of overdosing V & B by giving them vitamin supplements. I said, "No," but here's why. All the daily amounts of what they get:
Guaranteed Analysis Represents Minimum Levels Per Tablet of Vetriscience CANINE PLUS™ CHEWABLE TABLETS:
Moisture (max) 5.23%
Methionine 7.5 mg
Linoleic Acid (min) 3.75 mg
Calcium (1.92%) 75 mg
Phosphorus (0.96%) 37.5 mg
Potassium (0.01%) 0.375 mg
Magnesium (0.96%) 37.5 mg
Iron (1154 ppm) 4.5 mg
Copper (1.1 ppm) 0.0045 mg
Zinc (385 ppm) 1.5 mg
Iodine (15.4 ppm) 0.060 mg
Selenium (1.4 ppm) 0.00525 mg
Vitamin A 900 IU
Vitamin D3 75 IU
Vitamin E 7.5 IU
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) 7.5 mg
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 3.75 mg
Pantothenic Acid 7.5 mg
Niacin 7.5 mg
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 3.75 mg
Folic Acid 0.003 mg
Vitamin B12 0.003 mg
Choline 7.5 mg
*Cobalt 0.060 mg
*Biotin 0.003 mg
*Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) 18.75 mg
*P-aminobenzoic Acid 3.75 mg
*Inositol 3.75 mg
*Lecithin 7.5 mg
*Betaine Hydrochloride 7.5 mg
*Pepsin (Pork) 6750 FCC Units1
*Protease (Aspergillus oryzae) 40.0 HUT Units2
*Bromelain (Pineapple) 1.35 GD Units3
*Lipase (Aspergillus oryzae) 0.375 FIP Units4
So, because I don't give the recommended dosage of 3 per day for Vlad and 2 per day for Barkly, those are the exact daily amounts Barkly (1 tab daily)gets, and just multiply x2 for Vlad (2 tabs daily) .
Now here are the limit amounts in this chart:
Daily Requirements for Canines
MineralsMeasurements in grams unless otherwise indicated.
Calcium Minimum Requirement - 0.059; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.13
Phosphorus Adequate Intake - 0.10; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.10
Potassium Adequate Intake - 0.14; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.14
Sodium(mg) Minimum Requirement - 9.85; Recommended Daily Allowance - 26.2
Chloride(mg) Adequate Intake - 40; Recommended Daily Allowance - 40
Magnesium(mg) Minimum Requirement - 5.91; Recommended Daily Allowance - 19.7
Iron(mg) Adequate Intake - 1.0; Recommended Daily Allowance - 1.0
Copper(mg) Adequate Intake - 0.2; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.2
Iodine(µg) Minimum Requirement - 23.6; Recommended Daily Allowance - 29.6
Zinc (mg)Adequate Intake - 2.0; Recommended Daily Allowance - 2.0
Manganese(mg) Adequate Intake - 0.16; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.16
Selenium(µg)Adequate Intake - 11.8; Recommended Daily Allowance - 11.8
VitaminsMeasurements in grams unless otherwise indicated.µg = micrograms 1µg = 40 IU
Vitamin A, (µg retinol) µg Adequate Intake - 40; Recommended Daily Allowance - 50;Safe Upper Limit - 2,099 (IU)
Vitamin D3, (Cholecalciferol) µg Adequate Intake - 0.36; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.45; Safe Upper Limit - 2.6
Vitamin E, (alpha tocopheral), mg Adequate Intake - 0.8; Recommended DailyAllowance - 1.0
Vitamin K, (menadione) mg Adequate Intake - 0.043; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.054
Thiamin, mg Adequate Intake - 0.059; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.074
Riboflavin, mg Minimum Requirement - 0.138; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.171
Pyridoxine, (B6) mg Minimum Requirement - 0.04; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.049
Niacin, (B3) mg Adequate Intake - 0.45; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.57
Pantothenic Acid, (B5) mg Minimum Requirement - 0.39; Recommended Daily Allowance - 0.49
Folic Acid, (B9) µg Minimum Requirement - 7.1; Recommended Daily Allowance 8.9
Biotin, (B7) aka, Vitamin H; For normal diets not containing raw egg white, adequate biotin is probably by microbial synthesis in the intestine. Diets containing antibiotics may need supplementation
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) µg Adequate Intake - 0.92; Recommended Daily Allowance - 1.15 Choline mg Minimum Requirement - 45; Recommended Daily Allowance - 56
Note:Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid) The liver of cats and dogs have the key enzyme L-gulono-Y-lactone oxidase, ( EC 1.1 3.8 ), which is able to synthesize the needed ascorbic acid from glucose. The NRC warns against high intake of ascorbic acid, stating the following: "High intake of ascorbic acid may act as a prooxidant and induce lipid peroxidation." This includes Fenton's reaction, which will enhance iron absorption and cause a resulting overdose of this mineral. This reaction is reduced with an increase in Vitamin E levels in the diet. (page 234).
Note: Here you can see Vitamin C for Barkly would be 250 a day, and for Vlad would be 750 a day. They don't get anywhere near that much supplementation.
http://www.natural-dog-health-remedies.com/vitamin-c-for-dogs.htmlSo that's why I don't worry about vitamin overdose. They never make it anywhere near the actual daily allowance whether it be human or animal.
*Remember to move the decimal point to convert grams to milligrams.
The decimal place is moved 3 places to the right.
0.1 g = 100 mg if you want to read it in micrograms